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Diabetes mellitus type 1 (also known as type 1 diabetes, or T1D; formerly insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile diabetes) is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus )〕 The subsequent lack of insulin leads to increased blood and urine glucose. The classical symptoms are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger) and weight loss. The cause of diabetes mellitus type 1 is unknown. Type 1 diabetes can be distinguished from type 2 by autoantibody testing. The C-peptide assay, which measures endogenous insulin production, can also be used. Administration of insulin is essential for survival. Insulin therapy must be continued indefinitely and typically does not impair normal daily activities. People are usually trained to independently manage their diabetes; however, for some this can be challenging. Untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.〔 Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes.〔 Furthermore, complications may arise from low blood sugar caused by excessive insulin treatment. Diabetes mellitus type 1 accounts for between 5% and 10% of all diabetes cases.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Guide-to-diabetes/What-is-diabetes/What-is-Type-1-diabetes/ )〕 Globally, the number of people with DM type 1 is unknown, although it is estimated that about 80,000 children develop the disease each year.〔 Within the United States the number of affected persons is estimated at one to three million.〔 The development of new cases vary by country and region; the lowest rates appear to be in Japan and China with approximately 1 person per 100,000 per year; the highest rates are found in Scandinavia where it is closer to 35 new cases per 100,000 per year.〔 The United States and other countries in northern Europe fall somewhere in between with 8-17 new cases per 100,000 per year.〔 ==Signs and symptoms== The classical symptoms of type 1 diabetes include: polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), xerostomia (dry mouth), polyphagia (increased hunger), fatigue, and weight loss.〔 Many type 1 diabetics are diagnosed when they present with diabetic ketoacidosis. The signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include xeroderma (dry skin), rapid deep breathing, drowsiness, abdominal pain, and vomiting. About 12 percent of people with type 1 diabetes have clinical depression. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diabetes mellitus type 1」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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